When applying granules, what direction do particles travel while hitting the ground if flying below the effective height?

When applying granules at a height that is below the effective range, the particles will tend to travel in a lateral direction upon hitting the ground. This lateral movement is primarily influenced by the speed and angle at which the granules are released from the application equipment. When operating at a lower altitude, the granules do not have the same vertical drop or dispersive force as they would from a higher elevation. Instead, they will be propelled forward due to wind resistance and the forward momentum of the aircraft, leading to a spread pattern that extends horizontally across the ground.

Considering the other options, vertical direction would suggest that the granules drop straight down, which does not account for the forward propulsion. Diagonal direction indicates a combination of both vertical and lateral movement but does not accurately reflect the predominant lateral spread when flying at a low altitude. Circular direction implies a rotating movement which is not relevant to the application of granules as they are affected primarily by gravity and inertia. Thus, lateral direction accurately describes the motion of the particles when they make contact with the ground under these specific conditions.